【MATLAB GUI】 1. 普通按钮、静态文本和可编辑文本

看B站up主freexyn的freexyn编程实例视频教程系列36Matlab GUI的学习笔记

文章目录

• 初步认识+普通按钮
• 静态文本和可编辑文本
• 设计一个简易计算机

  初步认识+普通按钮

  任务要求：点击一次“100”按钮，按钮上的文字值就递增1；点击“close”按钮，关闭所有窗口

  1. 命令行打开GUI：命令行guide，或者appdesigner

  2. 如果左边方块没有文字说明，则点击文件-预设-在组件选项板中显示名称-确定

  3. 调整设计界面大小，点击普通按钮，拉到设计界面，调整普通按钮大小

  4. 双击这个普通按钮，或者右键点击属性，修改String、FontSize等内容。修改完毕后点击×号退出

  5. 重复以上操作，得到以下

  6. 点击保存，命名为test1.fig，同时自动生成test1.m文件

  7. 对于test1.m文件：

     **function varargout = test1(varargin)**% TEST1 MATLAB code for test1.fig%      TEST1, by itself, creates a new TEST1 or raises the existing%      singleton*.%%      H = TEST1 returns the handle to a new TEST1 or the handle to%      the existing singleton*.%%      TEST1('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local%      function named CALLBACK in TEST1.M with the given input arguments.%%      TEST1('Property','Value',...) creates a new TEST1 or raises the%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are%      applied to the GUI before test1_OpeningFcn gets called.  An%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application%      stop.  All inputs are passed to test1_OpeningFcn via varargin.%%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one%      instance to run (singleton)".%% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES% Edit the above text to modify the response to help test1% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 18-Feb-2024 15:21:53% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDITgui_Singleton = 1;gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @test1_OpeningFcn, ...                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @test1_OutputFcn, ...                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...                   'gui_Callback',   []);if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});endif nargout    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});else    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});end% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before test1 is made visible.function test1_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% varargin   command line arguments to test1 (see VARARGIN)% Choose default command line output for test1handles.output = hObject;% Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes test1 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)% uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.function varargout = test1_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);% hObject    handle to figure% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Get default command line output from handles structurevarargout{1} = handles.output;% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

     1. function varargout = test1(varargin)：函数名称即文件名称，包含了方才设计的图形文件的一些初始化信息，不要修改

     2. function test1_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)：回调函数，当打开一个图形文件的时候，所有的控件数据都设置好了之后，把图形界面呈现在电脑屏幕之前，该函数运行，对界面进行一些初始化处理

     3. function varargout = test1_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) ：输出函数，有输出参数，在打开函数OpeningFcn()返回控制之后，把控制权返回给命令行窗口之前，执行该函数，执行结果会输出到命令行窗口中

     4. pushbutton1_Callback、pushbutton2_Callback：两个组件的回调函数，在图形界面点击按钮会执行对应回调函数，其中的pushbutton1、pushbutton2对应组件的Tag

        function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)%hObject是点击对象的句柄，即点击“100”按钮时，会返回这个按钮的句柄，%以此来区分点击对象是“100”，而不是“close”%eventdata是一个保留字段，在不同的控件中有不同用法，在按钮中其实是没什么意义的%handles是结构数组，包含整个界面控件信息以及数据信息

  8. 现在回到设计界面

  9. 给close按钮添加回调：对“close”按钮点击右键，查看回调，单击callback，会定位到.m文件中的对应位置，进行代码编辑，保存

     % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)clear all %清除所有变量close all %关闭所有窗口

     点击.fig页面中的绿色三角形，运行，点击运行界面的“close”，图形窗口就关闭了

  10. 给100按钮添加回调：要求实现点击一次“100”按钮，按钮上的文字值就递增1。步骤同上

      % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)%hObject是点击对象的句柄，即点击“100”按钮时，会返回这个按钮的句柄，%以此来区分点击对象是“100”，而不是“close”%eventdata是一个保留字段，在不同的控件中有不同用法，在按钮中其实是没什么意义的%handles是结构数组，包含整个界面控件信息以及数据信息%get(h,属性)获得图形对象h上的属性值，是字符串格式s=get(hObject,'string');%set(h,Name,Value) 使用一个或多个名称-值参数设置指定图形对象h的属性set(hObject,'string',num2str(str2num(s)+1));

  静态文本和可编辑文本

  任务要求实现：在可编辑文本中输入文字，回车，立即显示在静态文本框中

  1. 可编辑文本：可以输入内容

  2. 静态文本：仅用于显示字符

  3. 界面设计如下：属性不做修改，保存为test2.fig

  4. 双击.fig页面中的可编辑文本，点击查看回调，点击callback

  5. 自动定位到.m文件中的edit1_Callback，根据任务要求进行代码编辑

     function edit1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to edit1 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a doubles=get(hObject,'string');%handles包含整个界面控件信息以及数据信息，%**handles.text2即引用了另一个控件的数据，text2是静态文本框的tag值**set(handles.text2,'string',s);

     handles可帮忙引用其他控件的数据

  6. 保存.m，在.fig界面运行即可

  设计一个简易计算机

  普通按钮、静态文本和可编辑文本的综合运用

  1. 先用普通按钮设计，属性只修改string

  2. 增加静态文本：属性修改backgroungcolor，防止和页面背景融为一体，同时把string删除。该框用于显示计算过程和结果

  3. 编写各个普通按钮的回调函数：任务要求把计算过程和结果在静态文本框中显示出来

     1. 0~9和+、-、/的按钮

        % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% 如果只是% s=get(hObject,'string');% set(handles.text2,'string',s);% 则会导致无法输入11，只能输入1s0=get(handles.text2,'string');s=get(hObject,'string');set(handles.text2,'string',[s0,s]);

     2. ×的按钮：×不能运算，*才可以运算

        % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton16.function pushbutton16_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton16 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)s0=get(handles.text2,'string');s=get(hObject,'string');set(handles.text2,'string',[s0,'*']);

     3. =和C的按钮

        % --- Executes on button press in pushbutton18.function pushbutton18_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton18 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)s0=get(handles.text2,'string');%eval(expression)返回 expression 的输出，数值型set(handles.text2,'string',num2str(eval(s0)));% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton19.function pushbutton19_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)% hObject    handle to pushbutton19 (see GCBO)% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)set(handles.text2,'string',[]);