【Wio Terminal】使用WiFi（3）- Wi-F的高级使用

使用WiFi（3）

• Wi-F的高级使用
• • HTTPClient 的使用
  • • HTTP GET
    • HTTPs GET
    • HTTP POST
    • WebServer
    • HTTP Authentication Web Server
    • DNSServer
    • mDNS
    • mDNS-SD
    • WiFiManager

      Wi-F的高级使用

      ���节介绍了一些WiFi的高级库用法，如HTTPClient、DNSServer和WebServer库。通过实现这些库，您可以使用简单的API开发物联网项目。

      请确保您已更新了最新的固件和依赖库。

      HTTPClient 的使用

      HTTPClient用于使对web服务器的HTTPGET、POST和PUT请求变得非常容易。这里有一些例子供您入门！

      HTTP GET

      这是一个使用HTTPClient进行简单HTTP连接并将响应打印回串行监视器的示例。

      • 将yourNetwork和yourPassword更改为你的WiFi ssid和密码。
      • 将代码上传到Wio Terminal。

        #include #include const char* ssid = "yourNetwork";const char* password =  "yourPassword";void setup() {  Serial.begin(115200);  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { //Check for the connection    delay(500);    Serial.println("Connecting..");  }  Serial.print("Connected to the WiFi network with IP: ");  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());}void loop() {    // wait for WiFi connection    if((WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED)) {        HTTPClient http;        Serial.print("[HTTP] begin...\n");        // configure traged server and url        http.begin("http://www.example.com/index.html"); //HTTP        Serial.print("[HTTP] GET...\n");        // start connection and send HTTP header        int httpCode = http.GET();        // httpCode will be negative on error        if(httpCode > 0) {            // HTTP header has been send and Server response header has been handled            Serial.printf("[HTTP] GET... code: %d\n", httpCode);            // file found at server            if(httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK) {                String payload = http.getString();                Serial.println(payload);            }        } else {            Serial.printf("[HTTP] GET... failed, error: %s\n", http.errorToString(httpCode).c_str());        }        http.end();    }    delay(5000);}

        HTTPs GET

        这是使用HTTPClient库的HTTPs连接。您可以参考此向您想要访问的网站发送HTTPs GET请求！

        您可以按照此链接查找网站的根CA。

        • 将yourNetwork和yourPassword更改为你的WiFi ssid和密码。
        • 将代码上传到Wio Terminal。

          #include #include #include const char* ssid = "yourNetwork";const char* password =  "yourPassword";const char* test_root_ca = \                            "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"                            "MIIESjCCAzKgAwIBAgINAeO0mqGNiqmBJWlQuDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBMMSAw\n"                            "HgYDVQQLExdHbG9iYWxTaWduIFJvb3QgQ0EgLSBSMjETMBEGA1UEChMKR2xvYmFs\n"                            "U2lnbjETMBEGA1UEAxMKR2xvYmFsU2lnbjAeFw0xNzA2MTUwMDAwNDJaFw0yMTEy\n"                            "MTUwMDAwNDJaMEIxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMR4wHAYDVQQKExVHb29nbGUgVHJ1c3Qg\n"                            "U2VydmljZXMxEzARBgNVBAMTCkdUUyBDQSAxTzEwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUA\n"                            "A4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDQGM9F1IvN05zkQO9+tN1pIRvJzzyOTHW5DzEZhD2ePCnv\n"                            "UA0Qk28FgICfKqC9EksC4T2fWBYk/jCfC3R3VZMdS/dN4ZKCEPZRrAzDsiKUDzRr\n"                            "mBBJ5wudgzndIMYcLe/RGGFl5yODIKgjEv/SJH/UL+dEaltN11BmsK+eQmMF++Ac\n"                            "xGNhr59qM/9il71I2dN8FGfcddwuaej4bXhp0LcQBbjxMcI7JP0aM3T4I+DsaxmK\n"                            "FsbjzaTNC9uzpFlgOIg7rR25xoynUxv8vNmkq7zdPGHXkxWY7oG9j+JkRyBABk7X\n"                            "rJfoucBZEqFJJSPk7XA0LKW0Y3z5oz2D0c1tJKwHAgMBAAGjggEzMIIBLzAOBgNV\n"                            "HQ8BAf8EBAMCAYYwHQYDVR0lBBYwFAYIKwYBBQUHAwEGCCsGAQUFBwMCMBIGA1Ud\n"                            "EwEB/wQIMAYBAf8CAQAwHQYDVR0OBBYEFJjR+G4Q68+b7GCfGJAboOt9Cf0rMB8G\n"                            "A1UdIwQYMBaAFJviB1dnHB7AagbeWbSaLd/cGYYuMDUGCCsGAQUFBwEBBCkwJzAl\n"                            "BggrBgEFBQcwAYYZaHR0cDovL29jc3AucGtpLmdvb2cvZ3NyMjAyBgNVHR8EKzAp\n"                            "MCegJaAjhiFodHRwOi8vY3JsLnBraS5nb29nL2dzcjIvZ3NyMi5jcmwwPwYDVR0g\n"                            "BDgwNjA0BgZngQwBAgIwKjAoBggrBgEFBQcCARYcaHR0cHM6Ly9wa2kuZ29vZy9y\n"                            "ZXBvc2l0b3J5LzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAGoA+Nnn78y6pRjd9XlQWNa7H\n"                            "TgiZ/r3RNGkmUmYHPQq6Scti9PEajvwRT2iWTHQr02fesqOqBY2ETUwgZQ+lltoN\n"                            "FvhsO9tvBCOIazpswWC9aJ9xju4tWDQH8NVU6YZZ/XteDSGU9YzJqPjY8q3MDxrz\n"                            "mqepBCf5o8mw/wJ4a2G6xzUr6Fb6T8McDO22PLRL6u3M4Tzs3A2M1j6bykJYi8wW\n"                            "IRdAvKLWZu/axBVbzYmqmwkm5zLSDW5nIAJbELCQCZwMH56t2Dvqofxs6BBcCFIZ\n"                            "USpxu6x6td0V7SvJCCosirSmIatj/9dSSVDQibet8q/7UK4v4ZUN80atnZz1yg==\n"                            "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";WiFiClientSecure client;void setup() {  Serial.begin(115200);  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { //Check for the connection    delay(500);    Serial.println("Connecting..");  }  Serial.print("Connected to the WiFi network with IP: ");  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());  client.setCACert(test_root_ca);}void loop() {  if(&client) {    {      // Add a scoping block for HTTPClient https to make sure it is destroyed before WiFiClientSecure *client is       HTTPClient https;      Serial.print("[HTTPS] begin...\n");      if (https.begin(client, "https://www.google.com/index.html")) {  // HTTPS        Serial.print("[HTTPS] GET...\n");        // start connection and send HTTP header        int httpCode = https.GET();        // httpCode will be negative on error        if (httpCode > 0) {          // HTTP header has been send and Server response header has been handled          Serial.printf("[HTTPS] GET... code: %d\n", httpCode);          // file found at server          if (httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK || httpCode == HTTP_CODE_MOVED_PERMANENTLY) {            String payload = https.getString();            Serial.println(payload);          }        } else {          Serial.printf("[HTTPS] GET... failed, error: %s\n", https.errorToString(httpCode).c_str());        }        https.end();      } else {        Serial.printf("[HTTPS] Unable to connect\n");      }      // End extra scoping block    }  } else {    Serial.println("Unable to create client");  }  Serial.println();  Serial.println("Waiting 10s before the next round...");  delay(10000);}

          HTTP POST

          这是一个使用Wio Terminal的HTTPClient向Web服务器发送HTTP POST请求的示例。在此演示中，我们使用python在个人电脑上设置一个简单的web服务器，该服务器可以接收并响应HTTP请求。

          Python服务器端代码

          首先，我们需要在Python中使用pip安装所需的bottle库。在终端中运行以下命令以安装bottle：

          pip install bottle

          导入bottle后，复制以下代码并将其保存为simple-server.py。你也可以将端口更改为你喜欢的其他端口，但要确保它与Arduino端匹配。

          from bottle import run, request, post@post('/')def index():    data = request.body.read()    print(data)run(host='0.0.0.0', port=1880, debug=True)

          Arduino代码

          • 将yourNetwork和yourPassword更改为你的WiFi ssid和密码。
          • 将代码上传到Wio Terminal。
          • 检查终端，你可以看到来自Wio Terminal的传入HTTP请求消息。

            #include #include const char* ssid = "yourNetwork";const char* password =  "yourPassword";// Change the following IP to your computer's IP running the server, make sure the Port also matchconst char* yourLocalIp =  "http://10.0.0.233:1880/";void setup() {  Serial.begin(115200);  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { //Check for the connection    delay(500);    Serial.println("Connecting..");  }  Serial.print("Connected to the WiFi network with IP: ");  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());}void loop() { if(WiFi.status()== WL_CONNECTED){   //Check WiFi connection status   HTTPClient http;   http.begin(yourLocalIp);  //Specify destination for HTTP request   http.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain");             //Specify content-type header   int httpResponseCode = http.POST("Hello Bottle, from Wio Terminal");   //Send the actual POST request   if(httpResponseCode>0){    Serial.print("HTTP Response Code: ");    Serial.println(httpResponseCode);   //Print return code   }else{    Serial.print("Error on sending request: ");    Serial.println(httpResponseCode);   }   http.end();  //Free resources }else{    Serial.println("Error in WiFi connection"); }  delay(5000);  //Send a request every 5 seconds}

            WebServer

            在WebServer库的帮助下，你可以在Wio Terminal上设置并运行Web服务器。通过在与Wio Terminal连接到同一网络的任何计算机上运行的浏览器访问服务器，你可以从网页上控制硬件，读取传感器的值等等！

            简单 HelloServer 示例

            这将在连接的网络上使用Wio Terminal设置一个简单的Web服务器。

            • 将yourNetwork和yourPassword更改为您的WiFi ssid和密码。
            • 将代码上传到Wio Terminal。
            • 使用浏览器从同一网络输入Wio Terminal的IP地址来访问web服务器。

              #include #include #include const char *ssid = "yourNetwork";const char *password = "yourPassword";WebServer server(80);const int led = 13;void handleRoot() {  digitalWrite(led, 1);  server.send(200, "text/plain", "hello from Wio Terminal!");  digitalWrite(led, 0);}void handleNotFound() {  digitalWrite(led, 1);  String message = "File Not Found\n\n";  message += "URI: ";  message += server.uri();  message += "\nMethod: ";  message += (server.method() == HTTP_GET) ? "GET" : "POST";  message += "\nArguments: ";  message += server.args();  message += "\n";  for (uint8_t i = 0; i  
              HTTP Authentication Web Server
               
              这个示例设置了一个需要身份验证过程的Web服务器，这在某些情况下出于安全考虑可能非常有用。
               

              • 将yourNetwork和yourPassword更改为您的WiFi ssid和密码。
              • 将代码上传到Wio Terminal。
              • 使用浏览器从同一网络输入Wio Terminal的IP地址来访问Web服务器，并输入预设的用户名和密码。

                #include #include const char *ssid = "yourNetwork";const char *password = "yourPassword";WebServer server(80);const char* www_username = "admin";const char* www_password = "password";void setup() {  Serial.begin(115200);  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);  if (WiFi.waitForConnectResult() != WL_CONNECTED) {    Serial.println("WiFi Connect Failed! Rebooting...");    delay(1000);    NVIC_SystemReset(); // Reset Wio Terminal  }  server.on("/", []() {    if (!server.authenticate(www_username, www_password)) {      return server.requestAuthentication();    }    server.send(200, "text/plain", "Login OK");  });  server.begin();  Serial.print("Open http://");  Serial.print(WiFi.localIP());  Serial.println("/ in your browser to see it working");}void loop() {  server.handleClient();}

                DNSServer

                我们讨论了WebServer，我们使用IP地址来访问它。 但是，如果您想通过键入域名（例如www.google.com）来访问它，则需要使用DNSServer。

                • 使用DNSServer必须在AP模式下。
                • 引入相应的库#include 。
                • 声明DNSServer对象。
                • 使用start()方法启动DNS服务器。
                • 使用processNextRequest()方法处理来自客户端的请求。
                • 将代码上传到Wio Terminal，并将您的PC连接到DNSServer示例Wi-Fi。
                • 输入www.wioterminal.com和www.wioterminal.com/p1。

                  #include #include #include IPAddress local_IP(192, 168, 1, 1);IPAddress gateway(192, 168, 1, 1);IPAddress subnet(255, 255, 255, 0);const byte DNS_PORT = 53;DNSServer dnsServer;WebServer webserver(80);void handleRoot(){  webserver.send(200, "text/plain", "Root page accessed via domain name");}void handleP1(){  webserver.send(200, "text/plain", "Page 1 accessed via domain name");}void setup(){  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);  WiFi.softAPConfig(local_IP, gateway, subnet);  WiFi.softAP("DNSServer example");  webserver.on("/", handleRoot);  webserver.on("/p1", handleP1);  dnsServer.start(DNS_PORT, "www.wioterminal.com", local_IP); //Start the DNS service, example.com is the registered domain name.  webserver.begin();}void loop(){  dnsServer.processNextRequest();  webserver.handleClient();}

                  mDNS

                  什么是Multicast DNS（mDNS）？

                  Multicast DNS（mDNS）协议在没有本地名称服务器的小型网络中将主机名解析为IP地址。Multicast DNS专为小型网络设计，旨在提高其用户友好性。其想法是，用户可以在秘密的局域网中连接设备而不会出现任何问题。

                  Install the Seeed_Arduino_rpcmDNS

                  下载Seeed_Arduino_rpcmDNS，并安装到Arduino

                  mDNS Web Server示例

                  这是一个在Wio Terminal上设置mDNS Web服务器的示例，以便在同一网络中连接的其他设备可以在定义的站点上浏览该Web服务器。

                  • 将yourNetwork和yourPassword更改为你的WiFi ssid和密码。
                  • 将代码上传到Wio Terminal。
                  • 使用浏览器从同一网络输入http://WioTerminal.local/来访问Web服务器，并输入预设的用户名和密码。

                    #include #include #include const char* ssid     = "yourNetwork";const char* password = "yourPassword";// TCP server at port 80 will respond to HTTP requestsWiFiServer server(80);void setup(void){      Serial.begin(115200);    while(!Serial){        ;    }    Serial.printf("Setup Start \r\n");    // Connect to WiFi network    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);    Serial.println("");    // Wait for connection    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {        delay(500);        Serial.print(".");    }    Serial.println("");    Serial.print("Connected to ");    Serial.println(ssid);    Serial.print("IP address: ");    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());    // Set up mDNS responder:    // - first argument is the domain name, in this example    //   the fully-qualified domain name is "esp8266.local"    // - second argument is the IP address to advertise    //   we send our IP address on the WiFi network    if (!MDNS.begin("WioTerminal")) {        Serial.println("Error setting up MDNS responder!");        while(1) {            delay(1000);        }    }    Serial.println("mDNS responder started");    // Start TCP (HTTP) server    server.begin();    Serial.println("TCP server started");    // Add service to MDNS-SD    MDNS.addService("http", "tcp", 80);    Serial.printf("Setup Done \r\n");}void loop(void){    // Check if a client has connected    WiFiClient client = server.available();    if (!client) {        return;    }    Serial.println("");    Serial.println("New client");    // Wait for data from client to become available    while(client.connected() && !client.available()){        delay(1);    }    // Read the first line of HTTP request    String req = client.readStringUntil('\r');    // First line of HTTP request looks like "GET /path HTTP/1.1"    // Retrieve the "/path" part by finding the spaces    int addr_start = req.indexOf(' ');    int addr_end = req.indexOf(' ', addr_start + 1);    if (addr_start == -1 || addr_end == -1) {        Serial.print("Invalid request: ");        Serial.println(req);        return;    }    req = req.substring(addr_start + 1, addr_end);    Serial.print("Request: ");    Serial.println(req);    String s;    if (req == "/")    {        IPAddress ip = WiFi.localIP();        String ipStr = String(ip[0]) + '.' + String(ip[1]) + '.' + String(ip[2]) + '.' + String(ip[3]);        s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n\r\nHello from Wio Terminal at ";        s += ipStr;        s += "\r\n\r\n";        Serial.println("Sending 200");    }    else    {        s = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n\r\n";        Serial.println("Sending 404");    }    client.print(s);    client.stop();    Serial.println("Done with client");}

                    mDNS-SD

                    这是一个mDNS-SD（服务发现）示例，允许您发现同一网络中的服务。

                    关于基于DNS的服务发现：

                    • 将 yourNetwork 和 yourPassword 更改为您的 WiFi ssid 和密码。
                    • 将代码上传到 Wio Terminal。

                      #include #include #include const char* ssid     = "yourNetwork";const char* password = "yourPassword";// TCP server at port 80 will respond to HTTP requestsWiFiServer server(80);void setup(void){      Serial.begin(115200);    while(!Serial){        ;    }    Serial.printf("Setup Start \r\n");    // Connect to WiFi network    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);    Serial.println("");    // Wait for connection    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {        delay(500);        Serial.print(".");    }    Serial.println("");    Serial.print("Connected to ");    Serial.println(ssid);    Serial.print("IP address: ");    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());    // Set up mDNS responder:    // - first argument is the domain name, in this example    //   the fully-qualified domain name is "esp8266.local"    // - second argument is the IP address to advertise    //   we send our IP address on the WiFi network    if (!MDNS.begin("WioTerminal")) {        Serial.println("Error setting up MDNS responder!");        while(1) {            delay(1000);        }    }    Serial.println("mDNS responder started");    // Start TCP (HTTP) server    server.begin();    Serial.println("TCP server started");    // Add service to MDNS-SD    MDNS.addService("http", "tcp", 80);    Serial.printf("Setup Done \r\n");}void loop(void){    // Check if a client has connected    WiFiClient client = server.available();    if (!client) {        return;    }    Serial.println("");    Serial.println("New client");    // Wait for data from client to become available    while(client.connected() && !client.available()){        delay(1);    }    // Read the first line of HTTP request    String req = client.readStringUntil('\r');    // First line of HTTP request looks like "GET /path HTTP/1.1"    // Retrieve the "/path" part by finding the spaces    int addr_start = req.indexOf(' ');    int addr_end = req.indexOf(' ', addr_start + 1);    if (addr_start == -1 || addr_end == -1) {        Serial.print("Invalid request: ");        Serial.println(req);        return;    }    req = req.substring(addr_start + 1, addr_end);    Serial.print("Request: ");    Serial.println(req);    String s;    if (req == "/")    {        IPAddress ip = WiFi.localIP();        String ipStr = String(ip[0]) + '.' + String(ip[1]) + '.' + String(ip[2]) + '.' + String(ip[3]);        s = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n\r\nHello from Wio Terminal at ";        s += ipStr;        s += "\r\n\r\n";        Serial.println("Sending 200");    }    else    {        s = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n\r\n";        Serial.println("Sending 404");    }    client.print(s);    client.stop();    Serial.println("Done with client");}

                      WiFiManager

                      我们已经将广为人知的WiFi管理器移植到Wio Terminal平台上，这样您就可以使用手机或其他设备为Wio Terminal配置WiFi设置了！

                      Install the Seeed_Arduino_rpcWiFiManager

                      下载Seeed_Arduino_rpcWiFiManager

                      WiFiManager Auto Connect示例

                      这个示例是自动连接功能的演示。您可以使用此示例为Wio Terminal设置WiFi。

                      • 将代码上传到Wio Terminal。
                      • 如果Wio Terminal之前已经连接过WiFi，它将自动连接到同一网络。如果它无法连接到任何WiFi，它将进入AP模式并发出WiFi信号。使用手机连接到此WiFi并输入WiFi设置。

                        #include #include #include #include void setup() {    Serial.begin(115200);    while(!Serial); // wait till Serial is opened    WiFiManager wifiManager;    // Uncomment the resetSettings() will wipe out the saved settings    //wifiManager.resetSettings();    //Fetches ssid and pass from RTL8720 and tries to connect    //if it does not connect it starts an access point with the specified name    //here  "AutoConnectAP"    //and goes into a blocking loop awaiting configuration    wifiManager.autoConnect("AutoConnectAP");    //or use this for auto generated name ESP + ChipID    //wifiManager.autoConnect();    //if you get here you have connected to the WiFi    Serial.println("connected...yeey :)");    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());}void loop() {    // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:}