行业知识
大数据实验 实验四:NoSQL 和关系数据库的操作比较
NoSQL 和关系数据库的操作比较
实验目的
- 理解四种数据库(MySQL、HBase、Redis 和 MongoDB)的概念以及不同点;
- 熟练使用四种数据库操作常用的 Shell 命令;
- 熟悉四种数据库操作常用的 Java API。
实验平台
- 操作系统:centos7
- Hadoop 版本:3.3;
- MySQL 版本:8.0.22;
- HBase 版本:2.4.11;
- Redis 版本:5.0.5;
- MongoDB 版本:5.0;
- JDK 版本:1.8;
- Java IDE:IDEA;
实验步骤
(一)MySQL 数据库操作
Student 表如表 A-4 所示:
| Name | English | Math | Computer |
|---|---|---|---|
| zhangsan | 69 | 86 | 77 |
| lisi | 55 | 100 | 88 |
根据上面给出的 Student 表,在 MySQL 数据库中完成如下操作:
(1)在 MySQL 中创建 Student 表,并录入数;
(2)用 SQL 语句输出 Student 表中的所有记录
(3)查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩
(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95。
根据上面已经设计出的 Student 表,使用 MySQL 的 JAVA 客户端编程实现以下操作:
(1)向 Student 表中添加如下所示的一条记录:
package Main;import java.sql.*;import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;public class main{ static final String DRIVER="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; static final String DB="jdbc:mysql://localhost/student?useSSL=false"; static final String USER="root"; static final String PASSWD="123456"; public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn=null; Statement stmt=null; try { //加载驱动程序 Class.forName(DRIVER); System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database..."); //打开一个连接 conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DB, USER, PASSWD); //执行一个查询 stmt=conn.createStatement(); String sql="insert into student values('scofield',45,89,100)"; stmt.executeUpdate(sql); System.out.println("Inserting records into the table successfully!"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if(stmt!=null) try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if(conn!=null) try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }} 运行结果
(2) 获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息
package Main;import java.sql.*;import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;public class main { static final String DRIVER="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; static final String DB="jdbc:mysql://localhost/student?useSSL=false"; //Database auth static final String USER="root"; static final String PASSWD="root"; public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn=null; Statement stmt=null; ResultSet rs=null; try { Class.forName(DRIVER); System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database..."); conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DB, USER, PASSWD); stmt=conn.createStatement(); String sql="select name,English from student where name='scofield' "; rs=stmt.executeQuery(sql); System.out.println("name"+"\t\t"+"English"); while(rs.next()) { System.out.print(rs.getString(1)+"\t\t"); System.out.println(rs.getInt(2)); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if(rs!=null) try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } if(stmt!=null) try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if(conn!=null) try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); 运行结果:
HBase 数据库操作
Student 表如表 A-5 所示。
| name | English | Math | Computer |
|---|---|---|---|
| zhangsan | 60 | 86 | 77 |
| lisi | 55 | 100 | 88 |
根据上面给出的学生表 Student 的信息,执行如下操作:
(1)用 Hbase Shell 命令创建学生表 Student
(2)用 scan 指令浏览 Student 表的相关信息
(3)查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩
(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95
根据上面已经设计出的 Student 表,用 HBase API 编程实现以下操作:
(1)添加数据
| scofield | 45 | 89 | 100 |
|---|
package Main;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;public class main { public static Configuration configuration; public static Connection connection; public static Admin admin; public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create(); configuration.set("hbase.rootdir","hdfs://127.0.0.1:8020/hbase"); try{ connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration); admin = connection.getAdmin(); }catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } try { insertRow("student","scofield","score","English","45"); insertRow("student","scofield","score","Math","89"); insertRow("student","scofield","score","Computer","100"); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } close(); } public static void insertRow(String tableName,String rowKey,String colFamily, String col,String val) throws IOException { Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes()); put.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes(), val.getBytes()); table.put(put); table.close(); } public static void close(){ try{ if(admin != null){ admin.close(); } if(null != connection){ connection.close(); } }catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }} 运行结果
(2)获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息
package Main;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;public class main { public static Configuration configuration; public static Connection connection; public static Admin admin; public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create(); configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://127.0.0.1:8020/hbase"); try { connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration); admin = connection.getAdmin(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { getData("student", "scofield", "score", "English"); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } close(); } public static void getData(String tableName, String rowKey, String colFamily, String col) throws IOException { Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes()); get.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes()); Result result = table.get(get); showCell(result); table.close(); } public static void showCell(Result result) { Cell[] cells = result.rawCells(); for (Cell cell : cells) { System.out.println("RowName:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)) + " "); System.out.println("Timetamp:" + cell.getTimestamp() + " "); System.out.println("column Family:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)) + " "); System.out.println("row Name:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)) + " "); System.out.println("value:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)) + " "); } } public static void close() { try { if (admin != null) { admin.close(); } if (null != connection) { connection.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }} 运行结果
Redis 数据库操作
Student 键值对如下:
zhangsan:{
English: 69
Math: 86
Computer: 77
}
lisi:{
English: 55
Math: 100
Computer: 88
}
根据上面给出的键值对,完成如下操作:
(1)用 Redis 的哈希结构设计出学生表 Student(键值可以用 student.zhangsan 和student.lisi 来表示两个键值属于同一个表);
(2)用 hgetall 命令分别输出 zhangsan 和 lisi 的成绩信息;
(3)用 hget 命令查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩;
(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95
根据上面已经设计出的学生表 Student,用 Redis 的 JAVA 客户端编程(jedis),实现如下操作:
(1)添加数据:English:69 Math:86 Computer:77
scofield:{
English: 69
Math: 86
Computer: 77
}
package Main;import java.util.Map;import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;public class main { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1:6379"); jedis.hset("student.scofield", "English","45"); jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Math","89"); jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Computer","100"); Map value = jedis.hgetAll("student.scofield"); for(Map.Entry entry:value.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+entry.getValue()); } }}(2)获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息package Main;import java.util.Map;import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;public class main { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost"); jedis.hset("student.scofield", "English","45"); jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Math","89"); jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Computer","100"); Map value = jedis.hgetAll("student.scofield"); for(Map.Entry entry:value.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+entry.getValue()); } }} (四)MongoDB 数据库操作
Student 文档如下:
{
“name”: “zhangsan”, “score”: {“English”: 69, “Math”: 86, “Computer”: 77}
}
{
“name”: “lisi”, “score”: {“English”: 55, “Math”: 100,“Computer”: 88}
}
根据上面给出的文档,完成如下操作:
(1)用 MongoDB Shell 设计出 student 集合;
(2)用 find()方法输出两个学生的信息;
(3)用 find 函数查询 zhangsan 的所有成绩(只显示 score 列)
(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95。
根据上面已经设计出的 Student 集合,用 MongoDB 的 Java 客户端编程,实现如下操作:
(1)添加数据:English:45 Math:89 Computer:100
与上述数据对应的文档形式如下:
“name”: “scofield”,
“score”: {“English”: 45,“Math”: 89, “Computer”: 100}
package Main;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.bson.Document;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;public class main { public static void main(String[] args) { MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017); MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("student"); MongoCollection collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("student"); Document document = new Document("name", "scofield"). append("score", new Document("English", 45). append("Math", 89). append("Computer", 100)); List documents = new ArrayList(); documents.add(document); collection.insertMany(documents); System.out.println("文档插入成功"); }} (2)获取 scofield 的所有成绩成绩信息(只显示core)
package Main;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import org.bson.Document;public class main { public static void main(String[] args) { MongoClient mongoClient=new MongoClient("localhost",27017); MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("student"); MongoCollection collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("student"); MongoCursor cursor=collection.find( new Document("name","scofield")). projection(new Document("score",1).append("_id", 0)).iterator(); while(cursor.hasNext()) System.out.println(cursor.next().toJson()); }}
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