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大数据实验 实验四:NoSQL 和关系数据库的操作比较

2026-11-12 02:31:26 来源:互联网转载

NoSQL 和关系数据库的操作比较

实验目的

  1. 理解四种数据库(MySQL、HBase、Redis 和 MongoDB)的概念以及不同点;
  2. 熟练使用四种数据库操作常用的 Shell 命令;
  3. 熟悉四种数据库操作常用的 Java API。

实验平台

  1. 操作系统:centos7
  2. Hadoop 版本:3.3;
  3. MySQL 版本:8.0.22;
  4. HBase 版本:2.4.11;
  5. Redis 版本:5.0.5;
  6. MongoDB 版本:5.0;
  7. JDK 版本:1.8;
  8. Java IDE:IDEA;

实验步骤

(一)MySQL 数据库操作

Student 表如表 A-4 所示:

NameEnglishMathComputer
zhangsan698677
lisi5510088
根据上面给出的 Student 表,在 MySQL 数据库中完成如下操作:

(1)在 MySQL 中创建 Student 表,并录入数;

(2)用 SQL 语句输出 Student 表中的所有记录

(3)查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩

(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95。

根据上面已经设计出的 Student 表,使用 MySQL 的 JAVA 客户端编程实现以下操作:

(1)向 Student 表中添加如下所示的一条记录:

package Main;import java.sql.*;import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;public class main{    static final String  DRIVER="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";    static final String DB="jdbc:mysql://localhost/student?useSSL=false";    static final String USER="root";    static final String PASSWD="123456";    public static void main(String[] args) {        Connection conn=null;        Statement stmt=null;        try {            //加载驱动程序            Class.forName(DRIVER);            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");            //打开一个连接            conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DB, USER, PASSWD);            //执行一个查询            stmt=conn.createStatement();            String sql="insert into student values('scofield',45,89,100)";            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);            System.out.println("Inserting records into the table successfully!");        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }catch (SQLException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }finally        {            if(stmt!=null)                try {                    stmt.close();                } catch (SQLException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            if(conn!=null)                try {                    conn.close();                } catch (SQLException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }        }    }}

运行结果

(2) 获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息

package Main;import java.sql.*;import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;public class main {    static final String  DRIVER="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";    static final String DB="jdbc:mysql://localhost/student?useSSL=false";    //Database auth    static final String USER="root";    static final String PASSWD="root";    public static void main(String[] args) {        Connection conn=null;        Statement stmt=null;        ResultSet rs=null;        try {            Class.forName(DRIVER);            System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database...");            conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DB, USER, PASSWD);            stmt=conn.createStatement();            String sql="select name,English from student where name='scofield' ";            rs=stmt.executeQuery(sql);            System.out.println("name"+"\t\t"+"English");            while(rs.next())            {                System.out.print(rs.getString(1)+"\t\t");                System.out.println(rs.getInt(2));            }        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }catch (SQLException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }finally        {            if(rs!=null)                try {                    rs.close();                } catch (SQLException e1) {                    e1.printStackTrace();                }            if(stmt!=null)                try {                    stmt.close();                } catch (SQLException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            if(conn!=null)                try {                    conn.close();                } catch (SQLException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();

运行结果:

HBase 数据库操作

Student 表如表 A-5 所示。

nameEnglishMathComputer
zhangsan608677
lisi5510088
根据上面给出的学生表 Student 的信息,执行如下操作:

(1)用 Hbase Shell 命令创建学生表 Student

(2)用 scan 指令浏览 Student 表的相关信息

(3)查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩

(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95

根据上面已经设计出的 Student 表,用 HBase API 编程实现以下操作:

(1)添加数据

scofield4589100
package Main;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;public class main {    public static Configuration configuration;    public static Connection connection;    public static Admin admin;    public static void main(String[] args) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        configuration  = HBaseConfiguration.create();        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir","hdfs://127.0.0.1:8020/hbase");        try{            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);            admin = connection.getAdmin();        }catch (IOException e){            e.printStackTrace();        }        try {            insertRow("student","scofield","score","English","45");            insertRow("student","scofield","score","Math","89");            insertRow("student","scofield","score","Computer","100");        } catch (IOException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }        close();    }    public static void insertRow(String tableName,String rowKey,String colFamily,                                 String col,String val) throws IOException {        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));        Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes());        put.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes(), val.getBytes());        table.put(put);        table.close();    }    public static void close(){        try{            if(admin != null){                admin.close();            }            if(null != connection){                connection.close();            }        }catch (IOException e){            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

运行结果

(2)获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息

package Main;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;public class main {    public static Configuration configuration;    public static Connection connection;    public static Admin admin;    public static void main(String[] args) {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://127.0.0.1:8020/hbase");        try {            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);            admin = connection.getAdmin();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        try {            getData("student", "scofield", "score", "English");        } catch (IOException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }        close();    }    public static void getData(String tableName, String rowKey, String colFamily,                               String col) throws IOException {        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));        Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes());        get.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes());        Result result = table.get(get);        showCell(result);        table.close();    }    public static void showCell(Result result) {        Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();        for (Cell cell : cells) {            System.out.println("RowName:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)) + " ");            System.out.println("Timetamp:" + cell.getTimestamp() + " ");            System.out.println("column Family:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)) + " ");            System.out.println("row Name:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)) + " ");            System.out.println("value:" + new String(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)) + " ");        }    }    public static void close() {        try {            if (admin != null) {                admin.close();            }            if (null != connection) {                connection.close();            }        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

运行结果

Redis 数据库操作

Student 键值对如下:

zhangsan:{

English: 69

Math: 86

Computer: 77

}

lisi:{

English: 55

Math: 100

Computer: 88

}

根据上面给出的键值对,完成如下操作:

(1)用 Redis 的哈希结构设计出学生表 Student(键值可以用 student.zhangsan 和student.lisi 来表示两个键值属于同一个表);

(2)用 hgetall 命令分别输出 zhangsan 和 lisi 的成绩信息;

(3)用 hget 命令查询 zhangsan 的 Computer 成绩;

(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95

根据上面已经设计出的学生表 Student,用 Redis 的 JAVA 客户端编程(jedis),实现如下操作:

(1)添加数据:English:69 Math:86 Computer:77

scofield:{

English: 69

Math: 86

Computer: 77

}

package Main;import java.util.Map;import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;public class main {    /**     * @param args     */    public static void main(String[] args) {        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1:6379");        jedis.hset("student.scofield", "English","45");        jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Math","89");        jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Computer","100");        Map  value = jedis.hgetAll("student.scofield");        for(Map.Entry entry:value.entrySet())        {            System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+entry.getValue());        }    }}(2)获取 scofield 的 English 成绩信息package Main;import java.util.Map;import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;public class main {    /**     * @param args     */    public static void main(String[] args) {        Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");        jedis.hset("student.scofield", "English","45");        jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Math","89");        jedis.hset("student.scofield", "Computer","100");        Map  value = jedis.hgetAll("student.scofield");        for(Map.Entry entry:value.entrySet())        {            System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+entry.getValue());        }    }}
(四)MongoDB 数据库操作

Student 文档如下:

{

“name”: “zhangsan”, “score”: {“English”: 69, “Math”: 86, “Computer”: 77}

}

{

“name”: “lisi”, “score”: {“English”: 55, “Math”: 100,“Computer”: 88}

}

根据上面给出的文档,完成如下操作:

(1)用 MongoDB Shell 设计出 student 集合;

(2)用 find()方法输出两个学生的信息;

(3)用 find 函数查询 zhangsan 的所有成绩(只显示 score 列)

(4)修改 lisi 的 Math 成绩,改为 95。

根据上面已经设计出的 Student 集合,用 MongoDB 的 Java 客户端编程,实现如下操作:

(1)添加数据:English:45 Math:89 Computer:100

与上述数据对应的文档形式如下:

“name”: “scofield”,

“score”: {“English”: 45,“Math”: 89, “Computer”: 100}

package Main;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.bson.Document;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;public class main {    public static void main(String[] args) {        MongoClient mongoClient = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("student");        MongoCollection collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("student");        Document document = new Document("name", "scofield").                append("score", new Document("English", 45).                        append("Math", 89).                        append("Computer", 100));        List documents = new ArrayList();        documents.add(document);        collection.insertMany(documents);        System.out.println("文档插入成功");    }}

(2)获取 scofield 的所有成绩成绩信息(只显示core)

package Main;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import org.bson.Document;public class main {    public static void main(String[] args) {        MongoClient  mongoClient=new MongoClient("localhost",27017);        MongoDatabase mongoDatabase = mongoClient.getDatabase("student");        MongoCollection collection = mongoDatabase.getCollection("student");        MongoCursor  cursor=collection.find( new Document("name","scofield")).                projection(new Document("score",1).append("_id", 0)).iterator();        while(cursor.hasNext())            System.out.println(cursor.next().toJson());    }}

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