【C#】标准WebService Soap1.1 兼容 ContentType: application/xml

一、问题描述

1.1 ESB平台要求

• ContentType：application/xml
• Soap协议���本：1.1

  1.2 提供的 WebService 接口

  • 语言：C#
  • 目标框架：.NetFramework 4.6.1

    1.3 Postman 测试结果

    HTTP Error 415.0 - Unsupported Media Type

    服务器无法为请求提供服务，因为不支持该媒体类型。

    最可能的原因:

    所请求文件的格式已由服务器配置为不可进行下载。

    可尝试的操作:

    确认所请求文件的格式有效。

    Detailed Error Information:

    Module	ManagedPipelineHandler	Requested URL	http://localhost:55305/WebService.asmx?op=callBussiness
    Notification	ExecuteRequestHandler	Physical Path	…\ESBWebService.asmx
    Handler	WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated-4.0	Logon Method	匿名
    Error Code	0x00000000	Logon User	匿名

    More Information:

    如果服务器因不支持该文件类型而无法为请求提供服务，就会出现此错误。

    View more information »

    二、问题说明

    C# 使用创建的标准WebService 只支持以下ContentType类型

    • SOAP 1.1 ： text/xml; charset=utf-8
    • SOAP 1.2 ： application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
    • HTTP POST： application/x-www-form-urlencoded

      综上所述，要想解决此问题，由以下两种途径：

      • 与ESB平台人员沟通，要求使用WebService所支持的媒体类型text/xml;
      • 自己扩展SOAP，拦截application/xml类型的请求

        三、解决方案

        3.1 与ESB平台人员沟通，要求使用WebService所支持的媒体类型text/xml;

        3.2 自己扩展SOAP，拦截application/xml类型的请求

        要在C# WebService 启动服务时支持application/xml文件类型，您可以通过在 WebService 服务代码中添加一个 SOAP 扩展来实现。

        3.2.1 扩展 SoapExtensionAttribute

        [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]public class ESBSoapExtensionAttribute : SoapExtensionAttribute{    private int priority;    public ESBSoapExtensionAttribute()    {    }    public override Type ExtensionType    {        get { return typeof(ESBSoapExtension); }    }    public override int Priority    {        get { return priority; }        set { priority = value; }    }}

        3.2.2 扩展 SoapExtension

        在ProcessMessage中判断ContentType是不是"application/xml"，如果是则替换为可以被解析的"text/xml"

        public class ESBSoapExtension : SoapExtension{    public ESBSoapExtension extension;    public override object GetInitializer(LogicalMethodInfo methodInfo, SoapExtensionAttribute attribute)    {        return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());    }    public override object GetInitializer(Type serviceType)    {        return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());    }    public override void Initialize(object initializer)    {        //base.Initialize(initializer);    }    public override void ProcessMessage(SoapMessage message)    {        // 检查请求头Content-Type是否为"application/xml"        try        {            switch (message.Stage)            {                case SoapMessageStage.BeforeDeserialize:                    if (message is SoapServerMessage serverMessage && serverMessage.ContentType.Contains("application/xml"))                    {                        // 设置响应头Content-Type为"application/xml"                        serverMessage.ContentType = "text/xml";                    }                    break;                case SoapMessageStage.BeforeSerialize:                    break;                case SoapMessageStage.AfterSerialize:                    break;                case SoapMessageStage.AfterDeserialize:                    // 在反序列化之后进行处理（响应阶段）                    break;                default:                    break;            }                    }        catch(Exception exp)        {        }    }}

        3.2.3 在方法callBussiness上注入扩展

         [WebMethod(Description = "调用业务")] [ESBSoapExtension(Priority =1)] public string callBussiness(string message) {return message; }

        ** 完整代码**

        using System;using System.IO;using System.Text;using System.Web;using System.Web.Script.Serialization;using System.Web.Services;using System.Web.Services.Protocols;using System.Xml;using System.Xml.Serialization;using Rss_WebServer.code;[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]public class ESBSoapExtensionAttribute : SoapExtensionAttribute{    private int priority;    public ESBSoapExtensionAttribute()    {    }    public override Type ExtensionType    {        get { return typeof(ESBSoapExtension); }    }    public override int Priority    {        get { return priority; }        set { priority = value; }    }    }public class ESBSoapExtension : SoapExtension{    public ESBSoapExtension extension;    public override object GetInitializer(LogicalMethodInfo methodInfo, SoapExtensionAttribute attribute)    {        return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());    }    public override object GetInitializer(Type serviceType)    {        return extension ?? (extension = new ESBSoapExtension());    }    public override void Initialize(object initializer)    {        //base.Initialize(initializer);    }    public override void ProcessMessage(SoapMessage message)    {        // 检查请求头Content-Type是否为"application/xml"        try        {            switch (message.Stage)            {                case SoapMessageStage.BeforeDeserialize:                    if (message is SoapServerMessage serverMessage && serverMessage.ContentType.Contains("application/xml"))                    {                        // 设置响应头Content-Type为"application/xml"                        serverMessage.ContentType = "text/xml";                    }                    break;                case SoapMessageStage.BeforeSerialize:                    break;                case SoapMessageStage.AfterSerialize:                    break;                case SoapMessageStage.AfterDeserialize:                    // 在反序列化之后进行处理（响应阶段）                    break;                default:                    break;            }                    }        catch(Exception exp)        {        }    }}namespace ESB{    ///     /// WebService 的摘要说明    ///     [WebService(Namespace = "http://esb.webservice")]    [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]    [System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]    // 若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务，请取消注释以下行。     [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]    public class WebService : System.Web.Services.WebService    {        public override object GetService(Type service)        {            return base.GetService(service);        }        public WebService()        {            //this.Application.sa            this.Context.Request.ContentType = "application/xml";        }        [WebMethod(Description = "调用业务")]        [ESBSoapExtension(Priority =1)]        public string callBussiness(string message)        {            try            {                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(message))                {                    message = WebServiceAnalysis(base.Context.Request, nameof(message));                }                return message;            }            catch (Exception exp)            {                return exp.Message;            }        }        ///         /// 重新解析 WebService        ///         ///         ///         ///         private string WebServiceAnalysis(System.Web.HttpRequest request, string name)        {            try            {                if (request.ContentLength == 0)                {                    throw new Exception($"Body(xml数据) 无数据");                }                // 获取请求内容                Stream inputStream = request.InputStream;                // 重新获取内容                inputStream.Position = 0;                // 读取请求主体内容                using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(inputStream, Encoding.UTF8))                {                    string requestBody = reader.ReadToEnd();                    XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();                    xmlDoc.LoadXml(requestBody);                    XmlNode strNode = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode($"//{name}");                    if (strNode != null)                    {                        return strNode.InnerText;                    }                    else                    {                        throw new Exception($"未在Body(xml数据)找到{name}节点");                    }                }            }            catch (Exception exp)            {                throw exp;            }        }    }}