【海贼王的数据航海：利用数据结构成为数据海洋的霸主】链表—双向链表

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往期

1 -> 带头+双向+循环链表(双链表)

1.1 -> 接口声明

1.2 -> 接口实现

1.2.1 -> 双向链表初始化

1.2.2 -> 动态申请一个结点

1.2.3 -> 双向链表销毁

1.2.4 -> 双向链表打印

1.2.5 -> 双向链表判空

1.2.6 -> 双向链表尾插

1.2.7 -> 双向链表尾删

1.2.8 -> 双向链表头插

1.2.9 -> 双向链表头删

1.2.10 -> 双向链表查找

1.2.11 ->  双向链表在pos的前面进行插入

1.2.12 -> 双向链表删除pos位置的节点

2 -> 顺序表和链表的区别

3 -> 完整代码

3.1 -> List.c

3.2 -> List.h

3.3 -> Test.c

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往期

链表-单链表

1 -> 带头+双向+循环链表(双链表)

1.1 -> 接口声明

#pragma once#define  _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1#include #include #include #include // 带头+双向+循环链表增删查改实现typedef int LTDataType;typedef struct LTNode{LTDataType data;struct LTNode* next;struct LTNode* prev;}LTNode;// 双向链表初始化LTNode* LTInit();// 动态申请一个结点LTNode* BuyLTNode(LTDataType x);// 双向链表销毁void LTDestory(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表打印void LTPrint(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表判空bool LTEmpty(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表尾插void LTPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);// 双向链表尾删void LTPopBack(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表头插void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);// 双向链表头删void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表查找LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);// 双向链表在pos的前面进行插入void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x);// 双向链表删除pos位置的节点void LTErase(LTNode* pos);

1.2 -> 接口实现

1.2.1 -> 双向链表初始化

// 双向链表初始化LTNode* LTInit(){LTNode* phead = BuyLTNode(-1);phead->next = phead;phead->prev = phead;return phead;}

1.2.2 -> 动态申请一个结点

// 动态申请一个结点LTNode* BuyLTNode(LTDataType x){LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));if (newnode == NULL){perror("malloc fail");return NULL;}newnode->data = x;newnode->next = NULL;newnode->prev = NULL;return newnode;}

1.2.3 -> 双向链表销毁

// 双向链表销毁void LTDestory(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);LTNode* cur = phead->next;while (cur != phead){LTNode* next = cur->next;free(cur);cur = next;}free(phead);}

1.2.4 -> 双向链表打印

// 双向链表打印void LTPrint(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);printf("guard");LTNode* cur = phead->next;while (cur != phead){printf("%d", cur->data);cur = cur->next;}printf("\n");}

1.2.5 -> 双向链表判空

// 双向链表判空bool LTEmpty(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);return phead->next == phead;}

1.2.6 -> 双向链表尾插

// 双向链表尾插void LTPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x){assert(phead);LTNode* tail = phead->prev;LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);tail->next = newnode;newnode->prev = tail;newnode->next = phead;phead->prev = newnode;// 复用// LTInsert(phead, x);}

// 尾插测试void Test1(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushBack(plist, 1);LTPushBack(plist, 2);LTPushBack(plist, 3);LTPushBack(plist, 4);LTPushBack(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}

 

1.2.7 -> 双向链表尾删

// 双向链表尾删void LTPopBack(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);assert(!LTEmpty(phead));LTNode* tail = phead->prev;LTNode* tailPrev = tail->prev;free(tail);tailPrev->next = phead;phead->prev = tailPrev;// 复用// LTErase(phead->prev);}

// 尾删测试void Test2(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushBack(plist, 1);LTPushBack(plist, 2);LTPushBack(plist, 3);LTPushBack(plist, 4);LTPushBack(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}

1.2.8 -> 双向链表头插

// 双向链表头插void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x){assert(phead);LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);newnode->next = phead->next;phead->next->prev = newnode;phead->next = newnode;newnode->prev = phead;// 复用// LTInsert(phead->next, x);}

// 头插测试void Test3(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushFront(plist, 1);LTPushFront(plist, 2);LTPushFront(plist, 3);LTPushFront(plist, 4);LTPushFront(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}

1.2.9 -> 双向链表头删

// 双向链表头删void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);assert(!LTEmpty(phead));LTNode* first = phead->next;LTNode* second = first->next;phead->next = second;second->prev = phead;free(first);// 复用// LTErase(phead->next);}

// 头删测试void Test4(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushBack(plist, 1);LTPushBack(plist, 2);LTPushBack(plist, 3);LTPushBack(plist, 4);LTPushBack(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}

1.2.10 -> 双向链表查找

// 双向链表查找LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x){assert(phead);LTNode* cur = phead->next;while (cur != phead){if (cur->data == x){return cur;}cur = cur->next;}return NULL;}

1.2.11 ->  双向链表在pos的前面进行插入

// 双向链表在pos的前面进行插入void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x){assert(pos);LTNode* prev = pos->prev;LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);prev->next = newnode;newnode->prev = prev;newnode->next = pos;pos->prev = newnode;}

// 查找插入测试void Test5(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushBack(plist, 1);LTPushBack(plist, 2);LTPushBack(plist, 3);LTPushBack(plist, 4);LTPushBack(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTNode* pos = LTFind(plist, 3);if (pos)LTInsert(pos, 99);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}

1.2.12 -> 双向链表删除pos位置的节点

// 双向链表删除pos位置的节点void LTErase(LTNode* pos){assert(pos);LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev;LTNode* posNext = pos->next;posPrev->next = posNext;posNext->prev = posPrev;free(pos);}

2 -> 顺序表和链表的区别

不同点	顺序表	链表
存储空间上	物理上一定连续	逻辑上连续，但物理上不一定连续
随机访问	支持O(1)	不支持:O(N)
任意位置插入或者删除元素	可能需要搬移元素，效率低O(N)	只需修改指针指向
插入	动态顺序表，空间不够时需要扩容	没有容量的概念
应用场景	元素高效存储+频繁访问	任意位置插入和删除频繁
缓存利用率	高	低

注：缓存利用率参考存储体系结构以及局部原理性。

3 -> 完整代码

3.1 -> List.c

#include "List.h"// 双向链表初始化LTNode* LTInit(){LTNode* phead = BuyLTNode(-1);phead->next = phead;phead->prev = phead;return phead;}// 动态申请一个结点LTNode* BuyLTNode(LTDataType x){LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));if (newnode == NULL){perror("malloc fail");return NULL;}newnode->data = x;newnode->next = NULL;newnode->prev = NULL;return newnode;}// 双向链表销毁void LTDestory(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);LTNode* cur = phead->next;while (cur != phead){LTNode* next = cur->next;free(cur);cur = next;}free(phead);}// 双向链表打印void LTPrint(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);printf("guard");LTNode* cur = phead->next;while (cur != phead){printf("%d", cur->data);cur = cur->next;}printf("\n");}// 双向链表判空bool LTEmpty(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);return phead->next == phead;}// 双向链表尾插void LTPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x){assert(phead);LTNode* tail = phead->prev;LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);tail->next = newnode;newnode->prev = tail;newnode->next = phead;phead->prev = newnode;// 复用// LTInsert(phead, x);}// 双向链表尾删void LTPopBack(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);assert(!LTEmpty(phead));LTNode* tail = phead->prev;LTNode* tailPrev = tail->prev;free(tail);tailPrev->next = phead;phead->prev = tailPrev;// 复用// LTErase(phead->prev);}// 双向链表头插void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x){assert(phead);LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);newnode->next = phead->next;phead->next->prev = newnode;phead->next = newnode;newnode->prev = phead;// 复用// LTInsert(phead->next, x);}// 双向链表头删void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);assert(!LTEmpty(phead));LTNode* first = phead->next;LTNode* second = first->next;phead->next = second;second->prev = phead;free(first);// 复用// LTErase(phead->next);}// 双向链表查找LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x){assert(phead);LTNode* cur = phead->next;while (cur != phead){if (cur->data == x){return cur;}cur = cur->next;}return NULL;}// 双向链表在pos的前面进行插入void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x){assert(pos);LTNode* prev = pos->prev;LTNode* newnode = BuyLTNode(x);prev->next = newnode;newnode->prev = prev;newnode->next = pos;pos->prev = newnode;}// 双向链表删除pos位置的节点void LTErase(LTNode* pos){assert(pos);LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev;LTNode* posNext = pos->next;posPrev->next = posNext;posNext->prev = posPrev;free(pos);}

3.2 -> List.h

#pragma once#define  _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1#include #include #include #include // 带头+双向+循环链表增删查改实现typedef int LTDataType;typedef struct LTNode{LTDataType data;struct LTNode* next;struct LTNode* prev;}LTNode;// 双向链表初始化LTNode* LTInit();// 动态申请一个结点LTNode* BuyLTNode(LTDataType x);// 双向链表销毁void LTDestory(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表打印void LTPrint(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表判空bool LTEmpty(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表尾插void LTPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);// 双向链表尾删void LTPopBack(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表头插void LTPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);// 双向链表头删void LTPopFront(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表查找LTNode* LTFind(LTNode* phead, LTDataType x);// 双向链表在pos的前面进行插入void LTInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDataType x);// 双向链表删除pos位置的节点void LTErase(LTNode* pos);

3.3 -> Test.c

#include "List.h"// 尾插测试void Test1(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushBack(plist, 1);LTPushBack(plist, 2);LTPushBack(plist, 3);LTPushBack(plist, 4);LTPushBack(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}// 尾删测试void Test2(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushBack(plist, 1);LTPushBack(plist, 2);LTPushBack(plist, 3);LTPushBack(plist, 4);LTPushBack(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopBack(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}// 头插测试void Test3(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushFront(plist, 1);LTPushFront(plist, 2);LTPushFront(plist, 3);LTPushFront(plist, 4);LTPushFront(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}// 头删测试void Test4(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushBack(plist, 1);LTPushBack(plist, 2);LTPushBack(plist, 3);LTPushBack(plist, 4);LTPushBack(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTPopFront(plist);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}// 查找插入测试void Test5(){LTNode* plist = LTInit();LTPushBack(plist, 1);LTPushBack(plist, 2);LTPushBack(plist, 3);LTPushBack(plist, 4);LTPushBack(plist, 5);LTPrint(plist);LTNode* pos = LTFind(plist, 3);if (pos)LTInsert(pos, 99);LTPrint(plist);LTDestory(plist);plist = NULL;}int main(){return 0;}

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