图数据库Neo4j——SpringBoot使用Neo4j & 简单增删改查 & 复杂查询初步

前言

图形数据库是专门用于存储图形数据的数据库，它使用图形模型来存储数据，并且支持复杂的图形查询。常见的图形数据库有Neo4j、OrientDB等。

Neo4j是用Java实现的开源NoSQL图数据库，本篇博客介绍如何在SpringBoot中使用Neo4j图数据库，如何进行简单的增删改查，以及如何进行复杂的查询。

本篇博客相关代码的git网址如下：

https://gitee.com/pet365/spring-boot-neo4j

关于Neo4j的博客文章如下：

• 图数据库Neo4j——Neo4j简介、数据结构 & Docker版本的部署安装 & Cypher语句的入门

  目录

  • 前言
  • 引出
  • springBoot整合
  • • 1、引入依赖
    • 2、配置文件
    • 3、实体类定义
    • 4、dao继承Neo4jRepository
    • 复杂查询
    • • 最短路径查询
      • 最小成本查询
      • 总结

        引出

        ---

        1.Neo4j是用Java实现的开源NoSQL图数据库;

        2.SpringBoot使用Neo4j，继承Neo4jRepository进行简单增删改查；

        3.使用Neo4jClient进行复杂的查询；

        springBoot整合

        1、引入依赖

                            org.springframework.boot            spring-boot-starter-data-neo4j        

        2、配置文件

        server:  port: 9902logging:  level:    org.springframework.data.neo4j: debugspring:  application:    name: spring-neo4j  data:    neo4j:      database: neo4j  neo4j:    authentication:      username: neo4j      password: neo4j123    uri: neo4j://192.168.150.101:7687

        3、实体类定义

        提取抽象类

        不同的节点类，网点、一级转运中心、二级转运中心

        4、dao继承Neo4jRepository

        进行自定义查询：

        Keyword	Sample	Cypher snippet
        After	findByLaunchDateAfter(Date date)	n.launchDate > date
        Before	findByLaunchDateBefore(Date date)	n.launchDate
        Containing (String)	findByNameContaining(String namePart)	n.name CONTAINS namePart
        Containing (Collection)	findByEmailAddressesContains(Collection addresses) findByEmailAddressesContains(String address)	ANY(collectionFields IN [addresses] WHERE collectionFields in n.emailAddresses) ANY(collectionFields IN address WHERE collectionFields in n.emailAddresses)
        In	findByNameIn(Iterable names)	n.name IN names
        Between	findByScoreBetween(double min, double max) findByScoreBetween(Range range)	n.score >= min AND n.score = min AND n.score min AND n.score
        StartingWith	findByNameStartingWith(String nameStart)	n.name STARTS WITH nameStart
        EndingWith	findByNameEndingWith(String nameEnd)	n.name ENDS WITH nameEnd
        Exists	findByNameExists()	EXISTS(n.name)
        True	findByActivatedIsTrue()	n.activated = true
        False	findByActivatedIsFalse()	NOT(n.activated = true)
        Is	findByNameIs(String name)	n.name = name
        NotNull	findByNameNotNull()	NOT(n.name IS NULL)
        Null	findByNameNull()	n.name IS NULL
        GreaterThan	findByScoreGreaterThan(double score)	n.score > score
        GreaterThanEqual	findByScoreGreaterThanEqual(double score)	n.score >= score
        LessThan	findByScoreLessThan(double score)	n.score
        LessThanEqual	findByScoreLessThanEqual(double score)	n.score /** * 根据bid 查询 * @param bid 业务id * @return 网点数据 */ AgencyEntity findByBid(Long bid); /** * 根据bid删除 * * @param bid 业务id * @return 删除的数据条数 */ Long deleteByBid(Long bid);}pimg src="https://m.xiaogongju.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20250421/-250421202943D8.png" //p h3复杂查询/h3 pimg src="https://m.xiaogongju.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20250421/-250421202944X5.png" //p h4最短路径查询/h4 pre //查询两个网点之间最短路径，查询深度最大为10MATCH path = shortestPath((n:AGENCY) -[*..10]->(m:AGENCY))WHERE n.name = "北京市昌平区定泗路" AND m.name = "上海市浦东新区南汇"RETURN path package com.tianju.mapper.impl;import cn.hutool.core.bean.BeanUtil;import cn.hutool.core.collection.CollUtil;import cn.hutool.core.map.MapUtil;import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;import cn.hutool.db.meta.Column;import com.tianju.dto.OrganDTO;import com.tianju.dto.TransportLineNodeDTO;import com.tianju.entity.AgencyEntity;import com.tianju.enums.OrganTypeEnum;import com.tianju.mapper.TransportLineRepository;import org.neo4j.driver.internal.InternalPoint2D;import org.neo4j.driver.types.Path;import org.neo4j.driver.types.Relationship;import org.springframework.data.neo4j.core.schema.Node;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.neo4j.core.Neo4jClient;import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Optional;@Componentpublic class TransportLineRepositoryImpl implements TransportLineRepository { @Autowired private Neo4jClient neo4jClient; /** * 查询最短路线 * @param start 开始网点 * @param end 结束网点 * @return */ @Override public TransportLineNodeDTO findShortestPath(AgencyEntity start, AgencyEntity end) { // 获取网点数据在Neo4j中的类型 @Node("AGENCY") @Node("OLT") String type = AgencyEntity.class.getAnnotation(Node.class).value()[0]; // 构造Sql语句 $startId// String cql = "MATCH path = shortestPath((n:AGENCY) -[*..10]->(m:AGENCY))\n" +// "WHERE n.bid = $startId AND m.bid = $endId\n" +// "RETURN path"; String cql = StrUtil.format("MATCH path = shortestPath((n:{}) -[*..10]->(m:{})) " + "WHERE n.bid = $startId AND m.bid = $endId " + "RETURN path",type,type); // 执行自定义查询 Neo4jClient.RecordFetchSpec recordFetchSpec = neo4jClient.query(cql) .bind(start.getBid()).to("startId") // 替换 $startId .bind(end.getBid()).to("endId") // 替换 $endId .fetchAs(TransportLineNodeDTO.class) // 设置响应类型，指定为 TransportLineNodeDTO 类型 .mappedBy((typeSystem, record) -> { // 设置结果集映射 Path path = record.get(0).asPath();// 得到第一条路线 TransportLineNodeDTO transportLineNodeDTO = new TransportLineNodeDTO(); path.nodes().forEach(node -> { // 将每个节点信息封装成一个 OrganDto // 获得节点的 键值对 address: 上海市转运中心；bid：8002 Map map = node.asMap(); // {name=北京市昌平区定泗路, // location=Point{srid=4326, x=116.37212849638287, y=40.11765281246394}, // address=北七家镇定泗路苍龙街交叉口, bid=100280, phone=010-86392987} System.out.println("map: "+map); // 把键值对转换成对象 OrganDTO OrganDTO organDTO = BeanUtil.toBeanIgnoreError(map, OrganDTO.class); // organDTO: // OrganDTO(id=100280, name=北京市昌平区定泗路, type=null, phone=010-86392987, // address=北七家镇定泗路苍龙街交叉口, latitude=null, longitude=null) // type,latitude,longitude 没有映射成功 System.out.println("organDTO: "+organDTO); // 获得标签的名称 OLT,TLT, String first = CollUtil.getFirst(node.labels()); // 根据OLT获得枚举类型 OLT(1, "一级转运中心"), OrganTypeEnum organTypeEnum = OrganTypeEnum.valueOf(first); // 再获得枚举类型的 code ：1、2、3 organDTO.setType(organTypeEnum.getCode()); // 设置类型的映射 // 经纬度 "location": point({srid:4326, x:121.59815370294322, y:31.132409729356993}) InternalPoint2D location = MapUtil.get(map, "location", InternalPoint2D.class); // 经纬度 BeanUtil.getProperty(map.get("location"),"x"); organDTO.setLatitude(location.x()); // 设置经纬度映射 organDTO.setLongitude(location.y()); // 经纬度映射 // OrganDTO(id=100280, name=北京市昌平区定泗路, type=3, // phone=010-86392987, address=北七家镇定泗路苍龙街交叉口, // latitude=116.37212849638287, longitude=40.11765281246394) System.out.println("organDTO: "+organDTO); transportLineNodeDTO.getNodeList().add(organDTO); }); System.out.println("transportLineNodeDTO: "+transportLineNodeDTO); path.relationships().forEach(relationship -> { // 路径下面的关系 Map map = relationship.asMap(); Double cost = MapUtil.get(map, "cost", Double.class); transportLineNodeDTO.setCost(cost + transportLineNodeDTO.getCost()); }); System.out.println("transportLineNodeDTO: "+transportLineNodeDTO); return transportLineNodeDTO; }); Optional one = recordFetchSpec.one(); // Optional，1.8提供的，可以处理null的情况 return one.orElse(null); // 如果为null，就返回null，如果不是null，就返回结果 }} 最小成本查询 package com.tianju.mapper.impl;import cn.hutool.core.bean.BeanUtil;import cn.hutool.core.collection.CollUtil;import cn.hutool.core.map.MapUtil;import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;import cn.hutool.db.meta.Column;import com.tianju.dto.OrganDTO;import com.tianju.dto.TransportLineNodeDTO;import com.tianju.entity.AgencyEntity;import com.tianju.enums.OrganTypeEnum;import com.tianju.mapper.TransportLineRepository;import org.neo4j.driver.internal.InternalPoint2D;import org.neo4j.driver.types.Path;import org.neo4j.driver.types.Relationship;import org.springframework.data.neo4j.core.schema.Node;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.data.neo4j.core.Neo4jClient;import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Optional;@Componentpublic class TransportLineRepositoryImpl implements TransportLineRepository { @Autowired private Neo4jClient neo4jClient; @Override public TransportLineNodeDTO findCostLeastPath(AgencyEntity start, AgencyEntity end) { String type = AgencyEntity.class.getAnnotation(Node.class).value()[0]; String cqlB = "MATCH path = (n:{}) -[*..10]->(m:{}) " + "WHERE n.bid = $startId AND m.bid = $endId " + "UNWIND relationships(path) AS r " + "WITH sum(r.cost) AS cost, path " + "RETURN path ORDER BY cost ASC, LENGTH(path) ASC LIMIT 1"; String cql = StrUtil.format(cqlB, type,type); Optional one = neo4jClient.query(cql) .bind(start.getBid()).to("startId") .bind(end.getBid()).to("endId") .fetchAs(TransportLineNodeDTO.class) .mappedBy(((typeSystem, record) -> { Path path = record.get(0).asPath(); TransportLineNodeDTO transportLineNodeDTO = new TransportLineNodeDTO(); path.nodes().forEach(node -> { Map map = node.asMap(); OrganDTO organDTO = BeanUtil.toBeanIgnoreError(map, OrganDTO.class); // 获得标签的名称 OLT,TLT, String first = CollUtil.getFirst(node.labels()); // 根据OLT获得枚举类型 OLT(1, "一级转运中心"), OrganTypeEnum organTypeEnum = OrganTypeEnum.valueOf(first); // 再获得枚举类型的 code ：1、2、3 organDTO.setType(organTypeEnum.getCode()); // 设置类型的映射 // 经纬度 "location": point({srid:4326, x:121.59815370294322, y:31.132409729356993}) InternalPoint2D location = MapUtil.get(map, "location", InternalPoint2D.class); // 经纬度 BeanUtil.getProperty(map.get("location"),"x"); organDTO.setLatitude(location.x()); // 设置经纬度映射 organDTO.setLongitude(location.y()); // 经纬度映射 transportLineNodeDTO.getNodeList().add(organDTO); }); path.relationships().forEach(relationship -> { // 路径下面的关系 Map map = relationship.asMap(); Double cost = MapUtil.get(map, "cost", Double.class); transportLineNodeDTO.setCost(cost + transportLineNodeDTO.getCost()); }); return transportLineNodeDTO; })).one(); return one.orElse(null); } private void findShortestPathMy(){ String cql = "MATCH path = shortestPath((n:AGENCY) -[*..10]->(m:AGENCY)) " + "WHERE n.bid = 210127 AND m.bid = 100260 " + "RETURN path"; // 执行自定义查询 Neo4jClient.UnboundRunnableSpec query = neo4jClient.query(cql); ThreadPoolTaskExecutor threadPoolTaskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); }} 总结 1.Neo4j是用Java实现的开源NoSQL图数据库; 2.SpringBoot使用Neo4j，继承Neo4jRepository进行简单增删改查； 3.使用Neo4jClient进行复杂的查询；