行业知识
Linux Debian上快速安装Docker并运行
2026-10-20 22:30:26
来源：互联网转载
要在Debian上安装Docker，可以按照以下步骤进行：
（）更新系统软件包
在终端中执行以下命令，更新系统软件包：
sudo apt-get update
安装依赖包
在终端中执行以下命令，安装Docker需要的依赖包：
（）sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
添加Docker官方GPG密钥
在终端中执行以下命令，添加Docker官方GPG密钥：
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
添加Docker源
在终端中执行以下命令，添加Docker源：
echo \ "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \ $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
更新软件包缓存
在终端中执行以下命令，更新软件包缓存：
sudo apt-get update
安装Docker
在终端中执行以下命令，安装Docker：
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
安装成功输出：
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.ioReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency treeReading state information... DoneThe following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gyp libjs-inherits libjs-is-typedarray libuv1 libuv1-devUse 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.The following additional packages will be installed: docker-buildx-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras docker-compose-pluginRecommended packages: slirp4netnsThe following NEW packages will be installed: docker-buildx-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras docker-compose-pluginThe following packages will be upgraded: containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli3 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 376 not upgraded.Need to get 114 MB of archives.After this operation, 30.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.Do you want to continue? [Y/n] YGet:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster/stable amd64 docker-buildx-plugin amd64 0.11.1-1~debian.10~buster [28.2 MB]Get:3 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster [13.3 MB]Get:4 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster [22.9 MB]Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster/stable amd64 docker-ce-rootless-extras amd64 5:24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster [9,034 kB]Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster/stable amd64 docker-compose-plugin amd64 2.19.1-1~debian.10~buster [11.9 MB]Fetched 114 MB in 33s (3,407 kB/s)(Reading database ... 285893 files and directories currently installed.)Preparing to unpack .../0-containerd.io_1.6.21-1_amd64.deb ...Unpacking containerd.io (1.6.21-1) over (1.2.10-2) ...Selecting previously unselected package docker-buildx-plugin.Preparing to unpack .../1-docker-buildx-plugin_0.11.1-1~debian.10~buster_amd64.deb ...Unpacking docker-buildx-plugin (0.11.1-1~debian.10~buster) ...Replacing files in old package docker-ce-cli (5:19.03.3~3-0~debian-buster) ...Preparing to unpack .../2-docker-ce-cli_5%3a24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster_amd64.deb ...Unpacking docker-ce-cli (5:24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster) over (5:19.03.3~3-0~debian-buster) ...Preparing to unpack .../3-docker-ce_5%3a24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster_amd64.deb ...Unpacking docker-ce (5:24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster) over (5:19.03.3~3-0~debian-buster) ...Selecting previously unselected package docker-ce-rootless-extras.Preparing to unpack .../4-docker-ce-rootless-extras_5%3a24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster_amd64.deb ...Unpacking docker-ce-rootless-extras (5:24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster) ...Selecting previously unselected package docker-compose-plugin.Preparing to unpack .../5-docker-compose-plugin_2.19.1-1~debian.10~buster_amd64.deb ...Unpacking docker-compose-plugin (2.19.1-1~debian.10~buster) ...Setting up docker-buildx-plugin (0.11.1-1~debian.10~buster) ...Setting up containerd.io (1.6.21-1) ...Installing new version of config file /etc/containerd/config.toml ...containerd.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it.Setting up docker-compose-plugin (2.19.1-1~debian.10~buster) ...Setting up docker-ce-cli (5:24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster) ...Setting up docker-ce-rootless-extras (5:24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster) ...Setting up docker-ce (5:24.0.4-1~debian.10~buster) ...Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.5-2) ...Processing triggers for systemd (241-7~deb10u8) ...
启动Docker服务
在终端中执行以下命令，启动Docker服务：
sudo systemctl start docker
设置Docker开机自启
在终端中执行以下命令，设置Docker开机自启：
sudo systemctl enable docker
输出：
$ sudo systemctl enable dockerSynchronizing state of docker.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable dockerCreated symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
现在，已经成功在Debian上安装了Docker。
查看Docker的运行状态
$ sudo systemctl status docker● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-07-18 03:57:47 CEST; 32s ago Docs: https://docs.docker.com Main PID: 15580 (dockerd) Tasks: 10 Memory: 37.0M CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service └─15580 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sockJul 18 03:57:43 systemd[1]: Starting Docker Application Container Engine...Jul 18 03:57:44 dockerd[15580]: time="2023-07-18T03:57:44.057726051+02:00" level=info msg="Starting up"Jul 18 03:57:44 dockerd[15580]: time="2023-07-18T03:57:44.739870897+02:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: sJul 18 03:57:46 dockerd[15580]: time="2023-07-18T03:57:46.424897713+02:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: dJul 18 03:57:46 dockerd[15580]: time="2023-07-18T03:57:46.721701044+02:00" level=warning msg="WARNING: No swap lJul 18 03:57:46 dockerd[15580]: time="2023-07-18T03:57:46.721748129+02:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commitJul 18 03:57:46 dockerd[15580]: time="2023-07-18T03:57:46.721848335+02:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completedJul 18 03:57:47 dockerd[15580]: time="2023-07-18T03:57:47.436993967+02:00" level=info msg="API listen on /run/doJul 18 03:57:47 systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
检查Docker的版本信息
$ sudo docker versionClient: Docker Engine - Community Version: 24.0.4 API version: 1.43 Go version: go1.20.5 Git commit: 3713ee1 Built: Fri Jul 7 14:50:58 2023 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: defaultServer: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 24.0.4 API version: 1.43 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.20.5 Git commit: 4ffc614 Built: Fri Jul 7 14:50:58 2023 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.6.21 GitCommit: 3dce8eb055cbb6872793272b4f20ed16117344f8 runc: Version: 1.1.7 GitCommit: v1.1.7-0-g860f061 docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit: de40ad0
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