行业知识
android studio开发——android11版本以上权限动态申请问题，包括文件读写、图片、相机的调用
2026-10-20 12:17:14
来源：互联网转载
���于android手机的升级，现在已经是android13版本了，对于权限问题可能更加敏感了，前段时间开发发现之前的方法已经不再适用于android11以后的版本了
（）读写权限申请最好是跳转到设置中进行才是最好了，下面我们开始进行
首先是AndroidManifest.xml文件的权限
（）然后这里讲解一下权限申请的情况，有两种情况
第一种情况是直接在Activity中申请权限
第二种情况是在Fragment中申请权限
第一种情况就比较直接，按照android11之前的权限申请如下
//首先定义请求变量 private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};//请求状态码，请求码的作用是与回调函数进行匹配的，这样就可以对不同权限操作进行不同的提示private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;//使用ActivityCompat.requestPermissions进行动态权限申请ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);//然后Activity会有一个回调函数，可以在这个回调函数做一些提示//如下重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { //申请文件读写权限 super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); switch (requestCode) { case REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { havePermission = true; Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { havePermission = false; Toast.makeText(this, "授权被拒绝！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } break; case REQUEST_PERMISSION_CODE_33: Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } 完整代码例子如下
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}; //请求状态码 private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1; //创建Activity生命周期 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { } //获取Activity焦点的生命周期 @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); checkPermission(); } private AlertDialog dialog; private void checkPermission() { //检查权限（NEED_PERMISSION）是否被授权 PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED表示同意授权 //这里是android7以上就需要动态申请权限 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //申请权限 if (dialog != null) { dialog.dismiss(); dialog = null; } dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("提示")//设置标题 .setMessage("请开启文件访问权限，否则无法正常使用应用！") .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { dialog.dismiss(); ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); } }).create(); dialog.show(); } else { havePermission = true; } } else { //android6以下不需要动态申请权限 havePermission = true; } }}@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { //申请文件读写权限 super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); switch (requestCode) { case REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { havePermission = true; Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { havePermission = false; Toast.makeText(this, "授权被拒绝！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } break; case REQUEST_PERMISSION_CODE_33: Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } 下面是第二种情况在Fragment中动态申请权限，因为Fragment是相当于依附在Activity中的页面，所以Fragment中没有回调函数处理，因此需要用到它所在的Activity的activity对象，例如Fragment的定义如下
public class PersonFragment extends Fragment { //定义一个Activity对象，用于给MainActivity赋值 public static Activity context; private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,Manifest.permission.CAMERA}; //请求状态码 private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;} @Override public void onStart() { super.onStart(); checkPermission(); } private AlertDialog dialog; private void checkPermission() { //检查权限（NEED_PERMISSION）是否被授权 PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED表示同意授权 //这里是android7以上就需要动态申请权限 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //申请权限 if (dialog != null) { dialog.dismiss(); dialog = null; } dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("提示")//设置标题 .setMessage("请开启文件访问权限，否则无法正常使用应用！") .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { dialog.dismiss(); ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(context, PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); } }).create(); dialog.show(); } else { havePermission = true; } } else { //android6以下不需要动态申请权限 havePermission = true; } } 那么在MainActivity中我们给上面的Fragment赋值activity对象，那么Fragment就可以在申请权限的时候操做MainActivity的回调函数了，MainActivity代码例子如下
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { //这里的请求码要和Fragment的请求码一致 private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1; //创建Activity生命周期 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { PersonFragment.context = MainActivity.this }@Overridepublic void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { //申请文件读写权限 super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); switch (requestCode) { case REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { havePermission = true; Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { havePermission = false; Toast.makeText(this, "授权被拒绝！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } break; case REQUEST_PERMISSION_CODE_33: Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } 1.文件读写权限直接上代码了
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { //申请的权限放进数组里 private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}; //请求状态码 private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1; //创建Activity生命周期 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { } //获取Activity焦点的生命周期 @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); checkPermission(); } private AlertDialog dialog; private void checkPermission() { //检查权限（NEED_PERMISSION）是否被授权 PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED表示同意授权 //这里是android11以上的读写权限申请 //需要通过Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION跳转到权限设置打开权限 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) { if (!Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) { if (dialog != null) { dialog.dismiss(); dialog = null; } dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("提示")//设置标题 .setMessage("请开启文件访问权限，否则无法正常使用本应用！") .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) { dialog.dismiss(); } }) .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { dialog.dismiss(); Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION); startActivity(intent); } }).create(); dialog.show(); } else { havePermission = true; } } else { //这里就是android7到android11的权限申请 //直接通过ActivityCompat.requestPermissions就可以 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //申请权限 if (dialog != null) { dialog.dismiss(); dialog = null; } dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("提示")//设置标题 .setMessage("请开启文件访问权限，否则无法正常使用应用！") .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { dialog.dismiss(); ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); } }).create(); dialog.show(); } else { havePermission = true; } } else { //android7以下的不需要动态申请权限 havePermission = true; } } } //权限申请成功后的回调函数，可以做提示或其他 @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { //申请文件读写权限 super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); switch (requestCode) { case REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { havePermission = true; Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { havePermission = false; Toast.makeText(this, "授权被拒绝！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } break; case REQUEST_PERMISSION_CODE_33: Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } } 2.相册、相机权限申请情况
这里可能就android13比较特殊，因为android13把相册分成了3个权限，分别是图片申请、视频申请、音频申请
private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.CAMERA};//请求状态码private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;//android13相册权限申请变量 private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE_33 = {Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO, Manifest.permission.CAMERA};//请求状态码private static final int REQUEST_PERMISSION_CODE_33 = 2; 那么权限数组可能就不一样了，android13以下的申请读写权限就好了，而android13则可能需要动态申请这3个权限，所以代码如下，这里我用Fragment申请权限
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)@SuppressLint("StaticFieldLeak")public class PersonFragment extends Fragment { //MainActivity的activity对象 public static Activity context; @Override public void onStart() { super.onStart(); ifHaveAlbumPermission(context) } //打开相册 private void openFile() { Intent intentFromGallery = new Intent(); // 设置文件类型 intentFromGallery.setType("image/*");//选择图片 intentFromGallery.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); //你需要使用系统提供的startActivityForResult(Intent intent,int requestCode)方法调用MainActivity的回调函数 context.startActivityForResult(intentFromGallery, REQUEST_PICTURE_CODE); } // 判断是否有文件存储权限 private void ifHaveAlbumPermission(Activity activity) { if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //android13权限申请 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, PERMISSIONS_STORAGE_33, REQUEST_PERMISSION_CODE_33); openFile(); } else { //android13以下的权限申请 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE); } } else { openFile(); } }}
